Multi-echelon distribution systems and more precisely, optimization of LTL routes related to them is one of the most popular subjects in the last 5 years of vehicle routing research. Although a plethora of models, methods and visions is found, it is still difficult to compare them because they...

This paper proposes a variant of the well-known capacitated vehicle routing problem that models the problem of routing vehicles in the cash-in-transit industry by introducing a risk constraint. In this problem, which is called the risk-constrained cash-in-transit vehicle routing problem...