Prices of contracts with risky aspects are typically linked to specific uncertainties and probabilities of adverse scenarios. Insurance companies carry the risk of losses in exchange for a premium, which depends on the loss distribution. Another example where risk is exchanged for a fixed price...

This paper provides a critical analysis of the subadditivity axiom, which is the key condition for coherent risk measures. Contrary to the subadditivity assumption, bank mergers can create extra risk. We begin with an analysis how a merger affects depositors, junior or senior bank creditors, and...

The Growth-Optimal Portfolio (GOP) theory determines the path of bet sizes that maximize long-term wealth. This multi-horizon goal makes it more appealing among practitioners than myopic approaches, like Markowitz's mean-variance or risk parity. The GOP literature typically considers...

In this research, the concept of Duration with a new application in project management has been defined. The Duration of each project provides the project manager with a combined measure containing concepts of return, cost and time of the project. Further in this article, the changes in project...

This article is concerned with the study of the tail correlation among equity indices by means of dynamic copula functions. The main idea is to consider the impact of the use of copula functions in the accuracy of the model´s parameters and in the computation of Value-at-Risk (VaR). Results...

The aggregation of individual risks into total risk using a weighting variable multiplied by two ratio variables representing incidence and intensity is an important task for risk professionals. For example, expected loss (EL) of a loan is the product of exposure at default (EAD), probability of...

Does extreme downside risk require a risk premium in the pricing of individual assets? Extreme downside risk is a conditional measure for the co-movement of individual stocks with the market, given that the state of the world is extremely bad. This measure, derived from statistical extreme value...

Covariance matrix forecasts for portfolio optimization have to balance sensitivity to new data points with stability in order to avoid excessive rebalancing. To achieve this, a new robust orthogonal GARCH model for a multivariate set of non-Gaussian asset returns is proposed. The conditional...