Previous studies show that climate vulnerability affects capital structure. This research goes beyond by extending to cross-sessional analysis emphasizing the impact of climate vulnerability on capital structure conditional on firm-level financial constraints, country-level financial...

Using data from 2682 publicly listed companies in China between 2012 and 2022, the study employs panel data regression to investigate the impact of common institutional ownership (CIO) on the cost of equity (COE). The findings indicate that CIO significantly reduces COE, with this reduction...