Policy to reduce cigarette consumption is needed because of the harm to both smokers and the surrounding healthy. In narrow sense, the harm of cigarette consumption for poor households needs to be taken into account into policy consideration as it expected to sacrifies essential spending for the...

Ethiopia is known to have one of the largest livestock populations in the world. Yet the overall contribution of livestock products to households’ daily consumption is very limited. The average per capita annual consumption of meat and dairy products are just 4.6 kg and 16.7 kg,...

Purpose Limitations of producing energy and the increasing demands in the electricity market in Iran have not only drawn the attention of authorities in the energy industry toward optimization of energy consumption, but also created marketing approaches toward these objectives. In this respect,...