Audit expectation gap is the difference between what the public expect auditors to do and what auditors do. Given the significance of the expectation gap, it is not surprising therefore that a number of studies have shown concern for the expectation gap problem. But it appears no studies have...

We conduct models and tests to ascertain whether there are speculative bubbles and which factors contribute to the bubbles if there exits one. In the model, we use the option value to represent the investment value of farm real estate and compare the option value, calculated from dynamic...