The cryptocurrency market is a complex and rapidly evolving fnancial landscape in which understanding the inter- and intra-asset dependencies among key fnancial variables, such as return and liquidity, is crucial. In this study, we analyze daily return and liquidity data for six major...

Rainfall is an important source of covariate shock in developing countries. Insurance against a rainfall index has, therefore, held much promise as a formal insurance product to protect the livelihoods of poor farmers. But how good is rainfall as a measure of covariate shocks? The imperfect...

The International Clean Energy Market (ICEM) has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors in the energy industry. The increasing financialization and integration of the ICEM has meant that internal systemic risks have begun to surface, which can potentially seriously threaten the stable...

Over the years, oil prices and financial stock markets have always had a complex relationship. This paper analyzes the interactions and co-movements between the oil market (WTI crude oil) and two major stock markets in Europe and the US (the Euro Stoxx 50 and the SP500) for the period from 1990...