We investigate the impact of demographic changes on local public services taking the case of water service. We apply a structural production function approach to a large panel of German water utilities between 2003 and 2014. Exploring variation of population density and the population age...

One of the purposes of our paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of the operational risk, in order to understand the behaviour of costs and the impact of their structure on company's profits. In order to achieve the targeted profits or to analyze the operational risk, managers can use the...