The paper lays out an analytical framework for understanding crises in emerging markets based on examination of stock variables in the aggregate balance sheet of a country and the balance sheets of its main sectors (assets and liabilities). It focuses on the risks created by maturity, currency,...

Voluntary environmental reporting and disclosures (VED) in annual reports provide managers with an effective way to manage expectations of the sustainability and risk exposure of the firm. Many studies have documented that VED are fairly common among publicly listed firms. However, in the case...