The ‘ecosystem’ of Chinese enterprises is greatly affected by the external environment. This article proposes a behaviour-based internal control framework, defined as ‘3 + 1’, which includes controls at the decision-making, management and operational, as well as...

One hundred and fourteen consecutive patients with early breast cancer were entered into a study on the psychological effects of involvement in treatment choice. All women were offered counselling throughout. One group of women (n=34), were advised to undergo mastectomy, due to the nature or...