Business fluctuations can be estimated as the product of perturbations that do not need to be broken down into supply and demand shocks. Joint supply and demand (S&D) shocks can help estimate the cycle in the output gap as well as a cycle in trend output. The model is a univariate trend-cycle...

The global agri-food value chains (GAFVCs) are complex networks involving a range of regions, industries, and resources (such as labor, capital, and imported inputs). The global value chains in the agri-food sector are of critical importance to the world’s food security, as well as its...

We propose a model-based decomposition method for the aggregate labour share in terms of the first moments of the joint distribution of TFP, market power, wages and prices, and apply it to UK manufacturing using firm-level data for 1998-2014. Contrary to a narrative focussing on increasing...

The Sequence-dependent Cost-oriented Assembly Line Balancing (SDCALB) problem is a challenging optimization problem that belongs to the NP-hard class. To solve this problem, a position based mathematical model is formulated and then the Pure Bender's Decomposition (PBD) algorithm is proposed....

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a recent example for the spread of a harmful contagion in large populations. Moreover, the spread of harmful contagions is not only restricted to an infectious disease, but is also relevant to computer viruses and malware in computer networks. Furthermore, the...

There are restricted studies of non-single-value health exposure models regarding fluoride intake in Iran. As such, we adopted a probability-based approach for higher accuracy along with sensitivity analysis to reduce the ambiguity of the health risk model of Fars and Bushehr Provinces. Fluoride...

Nutrient cycling is a key ecological process and governs by the litter decomposition. Litter decomposition process and nutrient-releasing pattern are affected by litter quality as well as climatic factors. Nutrients and stoichiometry are important for plant growth and species dynamics. However,...