This paper proposes a generalized approach to the issue of decomposing inequality by population subgroups. This generalization uses the concept of Shapley value decomposition and takes into account the fact that either the between or the within groups inequality may be considered as residual...

There are two main dimensions in which the performance of a production unit can be assessed. The first is the dimension of time. The basic question here is: how is this or that production unit doing over time? Assessing a unit's performance over time is called monitoring. The second dimension is...

Motivated by a hedging problem in mathematical finance, El Karoui and Quenez [7] and Kramkov [14] have developed optional versions of the Doob-Meyer decomposition which hold simultaneously for all equivalent martingale measures. We investigate the general structure of such optional...

Let Q be the set of equivalent martingale measures for a given process S, and let X be a process which is a local supermartingale with respect to any measure in Q. The optional decomposition theorem for X states that there exists a predictable integrand ф such that the difference X−ф•S is...

This work builds on previous research to develop a methodology that simplifies the identification of the best policy options for poverty alleviation in a given country. When a population can be divided into subgroups according to an easily identifiable characteristic, the problem of alleviating...