Leaders are often thought to meaningfully influence the performance of the organizations they lead. However, considerable research suggests that their impact on organizational performance might actually be minimal. These claims of leader irrelevance pose a puzzle: If leaders are relatively...

As a preliminary study of the effect of return and sampling on chaos and stochastic data pattern, this research tests chaos pattern by using Henon attractor as a sample of two-dimensional discrete chaos data with an assumption that economic and finance data are generated by low dimensional chaos...