A central policy of the Government of Indonesia's strategy for enhancing its country's economic and social development is to develop infrastructure and expand service delivery. Public procurement reform is a key component of this policy. Despite the decentralization of financial responsibility...

This working paper presents a benchmarking analysis of School Based Management (SBM) using empirical data from the Philippines. School based management is widely used as a policy tool in many countries that seek to improve the quality of service delivery through decentralization. School based...

This paper takes advantage of the exogenous phasing of direct elections in districts and applies the double-difference estimator to measure impacts on (i) human development outcomes and (ii) the pattern of public spending and revenue generation at the district level. The analysis reveals that...

China developed without clear entitlements, creating the China Puzzle for law and development theorists. But fundamental statutes regarding contract, torts, and property have been enacted by now. Will clear delineation of private rights drive China's future development? The answer largely...

Objective – The purpose of this paper is to outlines some experiences faced by South Korea in the transformation towards local election and might as well become as guideline for countries that yet to experience decentralization, such as Malaysia.Methodology/Technique – The paper offers and...

Targeting of national anti-poverty programs in low-income countries commonly relies on statistical procedures involving household-level survey data, while small-scale poverty-alleviation programs often employ so-called community-based targeting, where village communities themselves identify...

In this paper, we investigate the impacts of political decentralization and women reservation in local governance on institutional births and child mortality in the state of Bihar, India. Using the difference-in-differences methodology, we find a significant positive association between...

One of the most important issues in rural development is empowerment and entitlement of farmers through participation. Decentralisation and participation are seemingly interdependent. Therefore, the paper begins with a theoretical discussion on the cause and effects of this interdependence....

One of the most unexpected global monetary developments in the past decade has been the emergence of decentralized virtual currencies. Bitcoin, the largest and best known of the decentralized virtual currencies, has well-documented market properties—including its use as an international...

With a smart grid environment, flexible load devices and provided local price incentives a more efficient grid usage may be achieved in the future. Bidirectional communication, smart devices and shiftable loads as electric vehicles and heat pumps have the potential to be coordinated with local...