Absent theoretical guidance, empiricists have been forced to rely upon numerical comparative statics from constant tax rate models in formulating testable implications of tradeoff theory in the context of natural experiments. We fill the theoretical void by solving in closed-form a dynamic...

We use data from a German health insurer to study how the impact of switching from a fee for service system (FFS) to a high powered incentive scheme (prospective payment system; PPS) depends on the characteristics of patients and hospitals. As hospitals had a transition period of several years...