In the changing world, oil continues to be important in energy production. Using monthly data from 1965 to 2022, the permanency of oil consumption fluctuations was investigated. Fourier-based Granger causality tests were used to examine cause-and-effect relationships between variables. Long-term...

Natural gas is a major fuel in Peru, accounting for nearly 45 % of all energy sources used to generate electricity. This research aims to analyze the dynamic association between economic growth and natural gas consumption (NGC), considering Peru's trade openness (Tr) from 1965 to 2022. The...

This paper explores the nature of causality between corruption and FDI inflows in five Latin American countries. Unlike prior empirical studies that use correlation-based standard regressions, we employ dynamic cointegrated error-correction models to uncover the directions of Granger- causality...

This study investigates the dynamic causal relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in the East African Community (1990-2021). It seeks to interrogate the nature of relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth. The hypothesis used in this study is four...

The issue of income disparity has long plagued South Africa because of the political environment that existed before the country's 1994 democratic transition. Based on the widely used Gini index, which gauges global inequality, the nation routinely has some of the highest rates of income...

This research explores the long-term equilibrium relationship between unemployment and labour force participation rates for six selected countries in Latin America at both aggregate and gender-disaggregated levels. Cointegration analysis focused on the study of time series is used to validate...