Over the past two decades, the Black Sea region has exhibited significantly growing wheat production and exports. In 2017/18, Russia ultimately became the world’s largest wheat exporter, a position that was held by the USA for decades. Mostly serving destination markets in the Middle East and...

I propose a new measure of price discovery, which I will refer to as the Independent Component based Information Share (IC-IS). This measure constitutes a variant of the widespread Information Share, with the main difference being it does not suffer the same identification issues. Under the...

This paper examines the relationship between green bonds and cryptocurrencies that specifically follow the Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism. A lot has been discussed about the positive bi-directional and asymmetric relationship between green bonds and bitcoins, the most widely known...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the cryptocurrency market affects the financial stability and economic growth of India. The study used time series quarterly data on bitcoin, financial stability, inflation rate, real GDP, economic volatility uncertainty, exchange rate, and...

This paper considers a time-varying vector error-correction model that allows for different time series behaviours (e.g., unit-root and locally stationary processes) to interact with each other to co-exist. From practical perspectives, this framework can be used to estimate shifts in the...

In multivariate time series systems, key insights can be obtained by discovering lead-lagrelationships inherent in the data, which refer to the dependence between two timeseries shifted in time relative to one another, and which can be leveraged for thepurposes of control, forecasting or...

This paper aims to study the recent increase in the spread of refined-crude petroleum prices in the US. We analyze the evolution of crude oil prices, refining costs, distribution costs, and taxes, comparing the pre and post covid periods. Fractional integration and cointegration methodologies...

The study analytically examines the determinants of government expenditure in Nigeria using a sample from (1986-2021); the data was secondary in nature. Source from world development indicators and Central Bank of Nigeria. The method of analysis used are; descriptive and inferential statistics...

This paper extends the multivariate index autoregressive model by Reinsel (1983) to the case of cointegrated time series of order (1, 1). In this new modelling, namely the Vector Error-Correction Index Model (VECIM), the first differences of series are driven by some linear combinations of the...