Innovative financial services may help to reduce global carbon emissions. We examine the activity in voluntary carbon credit trading on a new blockchain based carbon trading exchange, which reduces the amount of intermediation in this market. About 3.8 million tCO2e tokens have been tokenized on...

This handbook provides an overview of various criminal activities related to cryptocurrencies, including investment scams, Ponzi schemes, rug pulls, ransomware attacks, money laundering, and darknet markets. We discuss the need for user protection and education, centralized entities and...

One of the most intriguing recent development is in blockchain, which has the potential to make collaborative economies safer by securing transactions and contracts. This makes it one of the most exciting recent improvements in IoT. The use of smart contracts in an Internet of Things environment...

This article explores non-custodial crypto asset mixers such as Tornado Cash. We analyze what types of mixers exist and how they work. We discuss opportunities and risks and offer an approach, based on voluntary disclosure, that would allow financial market regulators to combat money laundering...

Until recently, real estate with a small footprint – one-to-four-family homes as well as small retail, office, and industrial buildings – were generally within the purview of small investors who invested locally. Today, because of technological advances, these owner-occupants and investors...

Since blockchain technology supports digitally-native money, the centralized chokepoints that governments have traditionally targeted to regulate commerce no longer apply to our (digital) property. However, competent regulation furthers basic public policy goals and should enable responsible...

Blockchain-based smart contracts can potentially replace certain traditional contracts through decentralized enforcement and reduced transaction costs. However, scalability is a key bottleneck hindering their broader application and adoption, often leading to concentrated or exclusive networks....

Lithium-ion battery (LIB) related companies can employ blockchain to record data used to assess the health status of LIBs and thus recycle decommissioned LIBs in an environmentally friendly and economic manner. However, whether blockchain adoption is helpful for the environment and company...