Progress is traditionally measured by the improvement of an economy's average characteristics from year to year. Some deeper insight might be gained by splitting the averages into explicit parameters for the new and old technologies at work within the same year, and recognising that innovative...

Economic systems often are described in matrix form as x=Mx. We present a new theorem for systems of this type where M is square, nonnegative and indecomposable. The theorem discloses the existence of additional economic relations that have not been discussed in the literature up to now, and...

An efficient technology transfer from advanced to developing countries is explored by extending dynamic input-output optimization models. We include capital investments for the transferred technologies that affect the structural change and the welfare streams of consumption and the environmental...