evidence is consistent with evidence that cash expenditures on classrooms have weak effects on child achievement. …

motherhood for girls. Higher levels of gang crime also have detrimental and long-lasting effects, with men experiencing …

Across many disciplines, the fixed effects estimator of linear panel data models is the default method to estimate … causal effects with nonexperimental data that are not confounded by time-invariant, unit-specific heterogeneity. One feature … of the fixed effects estimator, however, is often overlooked in practice: With data over time t ∈ {1,...,T} for each unit …

revenues, but a rise in alcohol tax revenue. The hospitality industry experienced significant negative effects, with drops in …

, the implications of the asymmetric effects of sectoral aid differ on growth and employment. The study reveals that …