Instrumental variables (IV) estimation of a demand equation using time series data is shown to produce a weighted average derivative of heterogeneous potential demand functions. This result adapts recent work on the causal interpretation of two-stage least squares estimates to the simultaneous...

We use survey evidence on reported spending in hypothetical energy price shock scenarios to study novel features of the price elasticity of energy demand and the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) after paying the energy bill. We document several nonlinearities depending on the sign and...

Economic growth tends to stimulate fundamental changes in consumption patterns as consumers who get rich tend to spread their spending more evenly across a wider variety of goods and services. Comparing cross sectional spending patterns across rich and poor countries, we investigate how this...

Philippines is one of the fortunate countries that can generate viable coffee bean varieties. Local coffee output is declining, while market demand is growing. This research looks at the supply of coffee in both domestic and imported producers over a specified time period in order to develop a...

We use survey evidence on reported spending in hypothetical energy price shock scenarios to study novel features of the price elasticity of energy demand and the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) after paying the energy bill. We find that the price elasticity is significantly larger for price...

This study analysed food expenditure patterns and income elasticities differentiated by gender of household head and income levels. Data came from 32, 256 households drawn from the Zimbabwe Poverty, Income, Consumption and Expenditure Survey of 2017. Female headed households had higher vegetable...