Recent empirical studies of firm-level performance have tested complementarity in the case of multiple practices. These papers have drawn conclusions using potentially biased estimates of pair-wise interaction effects. We develop a consistent and simple testing framework and test it against...

This paper estimates the elasticities of substitution between domestic and imported intermediate goods and between imported intermediate goods across more than 40 industries. It will be the first step to deepen our understanding across different industries and the estimates can be used within...