estimate of the elasticity of substitution estimated closely around 3 …

, and the elasticity of substitution between clean and dirty energy in the economy. The model incorporates empirical … highlights the effect of dynamic industry response on increasing the average elasticity of substitution in the economy due to the … exit of least flexible firms in response to climate policy. The higher average elasticity of substitution increases the …

Motivated by the European Union's debate on sanctioning crude oil imports from Russia, we estimate the elasticity of … substitution between different crude oil types. Using European data on country-level crude oil imports by field of origin, we argue …