This document comprises the Final Report, produced under the contract between the European Commission and a consortium consisting of time.lex, Spark Legal Network and Tech4i2, for the project 'Cross-border data flow in the digital single market: study on data location restrictions' (SMART...

This Final Report is the result of: 'Cross-border data flow in the digital single market: study on data location restrictions' (SMART 2015/0054), undertaken by time.lex, Spark Legal Network and Tech4i2. The objectives of the study were to a) identify and analyse legal and non-legal barriers that...

Die Bank Payment Obligation (BPO) ist eine neue Zahlungsbedingung im Außenhandel. Sie wird von Banken angeboten, um die Risiken im Außenhandelsgeschäft sowohl für den Exporteur als auch für den Importeur zu reduzieren. Die BPO ist eine unwiderrufliche Zahlungsverpflichtungserklärung der...

Trade classifications are a necessary prerequisite for the compilation of trade statistics, and they should - beyond that - be regarded as valuable base for the definition of shared controlled vocabularies for linked business data that deal with import, export etc. The Standard International...

Strict privacy regimes, requests to use local data centres and outright bans to transfer data abroad are a few examples of policies imposed recently that restrict data from crossing national or regional borders. This paper is the first one to propose a comprehensive taxonomy of these...

Die Forschung in den Sozial- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften ist immer öfter auf einen abgesicherten Zugang zu Forschungsdaten angewiesen, da ansonsten die Anforderungen des Datenschutzes nicht erfüllt werden können. Remote-Access-Lösungen bieten hier einen komfortablen Datenzugang und...

Interoperability has become a buzzword in European policy debates on the future of the digital economy. In its Digital Agenda, the EU Commission has identified a lack of interoperability as one of the significant obstacles for the thriving of the digital economy. The EU Commission and a number...