We build a two-country general equilibrium model to explore the effects of cross-border data flows in the short run. Data are generated as the byproducts of consumption, and can be used both domestically and in foreign countries at the expense of potential privacy issues, correspondingly....

A small number of large companies hold most of the world’s data. Once in the hands of these companies, data subjects have little control over the use and sharing of their data. Additionally, this data is not generally available to small and medium enterprises or organizations who seek to use...