In economics, the standard approach to language is that talk is cheap. Here, instead, language is a social convention that affects utility. Unless language is used in its ordinary sense, it cannot help to coordinate actions because there is no way of decoding it. This points to a unique...

A dynamic facility layout problem (DFLP) is concerned with finding a set of facility layouts across multiple time periods that minimizes the total cost of material flows and rearrangement costs. Unlike other heuristic approaches that focus mainly on the searching aspect, this research takes...