proposed methods can be used to test whether observed data (with measurement errors) are consistent with the mixed-demand model …

of the following years, to understand the evolution of fiscal forecast errors. Our findings suggest that: (i) there is no … for some countries and worsened for others; (iii) forecast errors for the fiscal balance-to-GDP ratio are positively … errors for public debt-to-GDP ratios are negatively associated with surprises to GDP growth; and (v), budget balance rules …

interest. We allow the two measurement errors to be nonclassical in the sense that they may both be correlated with the true … regressor, they may be correlated with each other, and we do not require any location normalizations on the measurement errors …

In real-world surveys, non-response and measurement errors are common, therefore studying them together seems rational …. Some population mean estimators are modified and studied in the presence of non-response and measurement errors. Bias and …