Zoning has been cited as a discriminatory policy tool by critics, who argue that ordinances are used to deter the entry of minority residents into majority neighborhoods through density restrictions (exclusionary zoning) and locate manufacturing activity in minority neighborhoods (environmental...

This paper analyzes theoretically and practically a tendency of importance the role of Public Interest factors play in International Trade Commission (ITC) 337 investigations as it did in the forum of Anti-Monopoly Law in recent years.It first reviews the development of Public Interest factors...

This article examines new financial policies and regulatory changes adopted in three financial reform oriented special economic zones in China, and analyzes some pitfalls and uncertainties in their liberalizing plans.After the Communist Party of China's (“CCP”) Third Plenum of the 11th...

Place-based policies commonly target underperforming areas, such as deteriorating downtown business districts and disadvantaged regions. Principal examples include enterprise zones, European Union Structural Funds, and industrial cluster policies. Place-based policies are rationalized by various...

In this paper we undertake an ex-post evaluation of whether the special economic zones (SEZs) introduced in Poland in 1994 have been successful in meeting regional development objectives. We evaluate the policy on as many of its objectives as possible: employment creation, business creation...

The influence of Special Economic Zones (SEZ) on the host country's economy has been studied for several decades now. A great number of theoretical papers using models to demonstrate SEZ importance for local development have been produced. However, purely empirical studies utilising the...

We propose in this paper a critical review of the literature on urban enterprise zones. The results that emerge from the papers published over the last twenty years vary a lot across studies. Several explanations can account for these apparently conflicting results. Technical tools and empirical...

Rampant violation of basic legal frameworks protecting labor rights in the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) is something not unheard of. The governments however, turn a deaf ear towards such violation and hardly use their authority to intervene, in exchange for providing the investors a tax free and...

Special economic zones (SEZs) have been touted as “tools for development”, and yet their results have often been disappointing. We explain how SEZs can be used to reform a country from a system dominated by rent-seeking to a liberalized economy, where officials derive their revenues from...

In the last decade, dozens of local governments have enacted zoning ordinances designed to limit the concentration of payday lenders and other alternative financial services providers (AFSPs), such as check-cashing businesses and auto title loan shops, in their communities. The main impetus for...