This paper brings to light the powerful connection of visual branding of a product leading to customer loyalty. Thus, the visual impact of a product from the concept level, early sketches to trademarked logos, complements of branding approach, or the final endorsement level. The study relied on...

This paper studies new tests for the number of latent factors in a large cross-sectional factor model with small time dimension. These tests are based on the eigenvalues of variance-covariance matrices of (possibly weighted) asset returns, and rely on either an assumption of spherical errors, or...

When specifying and estimating latent factor models, a common assumption made is one of factor pervasiveness, which requires that Γ'Γ/N converges to a positive definite matrix, as N → ∞, where Γ denotes the loading matrix of the factor model. This paper builds on the recent nascent...

While the level of disparities across regions in 10 advanced European economies studied in this paper mostly reflects productivity gaps, the increase since the Great Recession has resulted from diverging unemployment rates. Following the pandemic, this could be further exacerbated given...

Participation banks (PBs) are distinct from other banks in that they operate on an interest-free principle. This study aims to investigate the behavioural aspects of individual customers who prefer PBs when choosing a bank. The study covers 12 regional levels throughout Turkey determined by the...