We model energy demand across five end-use sectors and 15 energy products in Saudi Arabia, generating comprehensive price and income elasticity estimates. Using the Structural Time Series Model, we demonstrate that the trends underlying energy demand are generally stochastic, underscoring the...

Over the past several years, the federal government has consulted widely in formulating new rules for the regulation of brand-name drug prices through the Patented Medicine Prices Review Board (PMPRB) and a long-delayed set of rules that are expected to result in large price reductions, now...

We consider a model where for-profit providers compete in quality in a price-regulated market that has been opened to competition, and where the incumbent is located at the center of the market, facing high costs of relocation. The model is relevant in markets such as public health care,...

War necessitates both allocating real resources to defense and certain interest groups being in favor of the government raising resources to wage war. Price controls can be a tool for governments to mobilize additional resources while buying the support of certain key interest groups, hence...

The analysis reveals that price cap regulation (PCR) as commonly implemented closely approximates atomistic Cournot competition in terms of the pass-through of both industry and firm-specific cost-reducing innovation when the invariance property holds. A key finding is that the aggregate...

Abstract: This article discusses the prosecution of excessive pricing cases regarding pharmaceutical products under EU law in its regulatory context. In recent years the legal framework for the pursuit of such cases, based on the United Brands precedent, has been established more firmly. The...

The problem of high pharmaceutical drug prices is a permanent object of global political debate. Nowadays this debate encompasses many different types of drugs, from innovative products and biologics to generic ones. Antitrust enforcement has traditionally targeted anticompetitive behaviour in...