Gender stereotypes still play a major role in the perception and representation of people in the workplace. Measuring the effects of those stereotypes quantitatively is very hard though. Traditional methods, such as questionnaires, struggle to provide the full picture, for example through...

The role of gender in the labour force and potential inequalities between men and women have been widely discussed. Despite efforts to align gender roles in recent decades, high levels of inequality are not an exception but rather the standard. These inequalities can lead to the respective...

Gender stereotypes still play a major role in the perception and representation of people in the workplace. Measuring the effects of those stereotypes quantitatively is very hard though. Traditional methods, such as questionnaires, struggle to provide the full picture, for example through...

The role of gender in the labour force and potential inequalities between men and women have been widely discussed. Despite efforts to align gender roles in recent decades, high levels of inequality are not an exception but rather the standard. These inequalities can lead to the respective...

This paper investigates if firms’ size and age, and dividend payment can work as good proxies of financial constraints faced by firms. The motivation is that, these proxies have been used by several authors to sort and distinguish firms according to a level of financial distress. To conduct...

Recessions and financial crisis increase financial constraints and disproportionally affect constrained firms. This paper investigates the differences in firms’ financial constraints between sectors using a cash to cash-flow rationale (Almeida et al., 2004) and a firm specific index of...

Financial constraints are a key determinant that hinders firms' ability to export. This paper analyses the nexus between these constraints and firms' engagement in international trade, as well as it explores the impact of the European monetary integration process upon firms' financial...

This paper is the first to explicitly explore the differences in firms' financial constraints between and within sectors of economic activity, by estimating the sensitivities of cash holdings to cash-flow upon an unique dataset of Portuguese firms. It shows that, not only there are remarkable...

Today's shortage of financial resources calls for the attention of researchers to the problem of financial constraints faced by firms. In this paper we analyse firms' financial constraints by estimating both investment-cash flow sensitivities and cash-cash flow sensitivities upon a large...