Our analysis provides a rationale for the existence of a positive fixed-fee and output royalty in the licensing …-existence of a positive fixed-fee and output royalty in the licensing contract. Our argument is different from the existing reasons …

This study considers the anti-competitive effect of fixed-fee pricing, such as the one seen in a recent antitrust case … in Japan. We show that fixed-fee pricing has stronger exclusionary effect than the per-use pricing's exclusionary effect …. However, the restriction on usage of fixed-fee pricing may have a welfare-decreasing effect, although the restriction promotes …

contract in terms of the licensing revenue maximising policy (fixed-fee or per-unit royalty) and sector (upstream and …/or downstream sector). First, it is shown that under a fixed-fee contract licensing to the less efficient industry sector may be the …. A per-unit royalty contract may dominate a fixed-fee policy on the downstream market in terms of licensing revenues …