the deviations from the fixed network environment, including the role of inefficiency and amplification effects of search …. Abstracting from endogenous networks reduces Chile's aggregate welfare losses by 20 percent when import costs are raised to their … welfare gains from trade relative to municipality autarky drop by 40 percent due to amplification effects of search. …

We study the role of firm heterogeneity and imperfect competition for global production networks and the gains from …, especially under package reforms. Global production networks thus mediate bigger effects and cross-border spillovers from …

Following the gains from variety literature, this paper estimates the welfare impact of growth of the variety of … imported goods in 28 countries in East Africa and East Asia and compares the results. While estimating the gains from variety … from variety growth. The findings show that from 1995 to 2021, African countries gained on average 5.47 percent of their …