In the now extensive literature on the convergence of per capita income (output) across countries over time, there is surprisingly little attention paid to the role of international trade in goods and services. Some more recent studies have illustrated that standard trade theories provide no...

Image segmentation is an important component in image processing, pattern recognition and computer vision. Many segmentation algorithms have been proposed. However, segmentation methods for both noisy and noise-free images have not been studied in much detail.Neutrosophic set (NS), a part of...