The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to the self-isolation of people and the transformation of many economic and social processes into an electronic version thus contributing to the digitalization of all spheres. Being part of this environment, enterprises generate information resources to...

Due to the escalating electricity demand from industrialization and modernization, it is imperative to explore clean and sustainable energy sources. Solar energy has become a feasible solution for this surging demand. Solar panels, vital components of solar power systems, are crucial in...

Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods are crucial for addressing complex real-world problems with multiple conflicting criteria. One of the most common MCDM methods is the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method, which combines the weighted sum (WSM) and weighted...

In this paper, we propose the Two-Echelon Location-Routing Problem with Fuzzy Demand (2E-LRP-FD) of the " county-township-village" e-commerce logistics network. Firstly, a bi-objective model of profit maximization of logistics enterprises considering government subsidies and carbon emissions...

This study proposes a novel approach to fuzzy N-soft sets for handling cases where membership degree and grade are not related. In the standard model of fuzzy N-soft sets, membership degree and grade are assumed to be directly proportional. This assumption may not hold true in real-world...

Probabilistic dual hesitant fuzzy set (PDHFS), as a decision information preference combining membership degree (MD) and non-membership degree (NMD) and probability, is an important tool to express uncertain information powerfully. It is well known that distance measures are very useful tools in...

A broad range of companies around the world has welcomed artificial intelligence (AI) technology in daily practices because it provides decision-makers with comprehensive and intuitive messages about their operations and assists them in formulating appropriate strategies without any hysteresis....