The nature of international trade has changed dramatically. Today, intermediate goods account for nearly 60% of the world merchandise trade, with the import content of the average export amounting to 40%. Global value chains increase the importance of duty drawback — a common practice of...

Korea's preferential agreements with developing countries include FTAs with ASEAN countries and Chile, the Asia Pacific Trade Agreement(APTA), and the Global System of Trade Preferences (GSTP). Most importantly, the new round of APTA and GSTP agreements have not yet been initiated. But increases...

Restrictive preferential rules of origin cause producers in RTAs to source intermediate materials from RTA partners instead of non-parties in order to meet the rules of origin requirements. For RTAs concluded under Article XXIV, restrictive preferential rules of origin open doors to selective...

We will be asking ourselves if the trading blocs created or renewed since the end of the 1980s favor the multilateralization of trade, and so constitute building or stumbling blocks. In a gravity model using panel data, we estimate a set of three regional dummies representative of intra-bloc...