This paper presents a novel axiomatic approach to measuring and comparing hierarchical structures. Hierarchies are … fundamental across a range of disciplines – from ecology to organizational science – yet existing measures of hierarchical degree … more hierarchical than another according to ≽H if the latter can be derived from the former through a series of …

shape the own performance. This study uses hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to integrate SCP and RBT and to analyze the …