This paper examines interactions between self-interested agents in a two-tier government hierarchy, consisting of a central authority and bureaucrats in a two-stage game, where the actions of agents affect private sector allocations. Conditions under which lower-tier corruption arises as an...

This paper studies how communication allows for the specialized acquisition of knowledge. It shows that a knowledge-based hierarchy is a natural way to organize the acquisition of knowledge when matching problems with those who know how to solve them is costly. In such an organization,...

Recent conceptualizations of trends in the structure of U.S. industry have focused on the relative importance of markets, hierarchies, and hybrid intermediate forms. This paper seeks to advance the discussion by distinguishing three ideal-typical forms of organization and their corresponding key...

Die Diskussion über eine Reform der nordrhein-westfälischen Mittelbehörden ist in vollem Gange. Verwaltungsmodernisierung sollte allerdings nicht auf betriebswirtschaftliche Aspekte reduziert werden. Sie muss sich auch an wirtschaftlichen, politischen und gesellschaftlichen Veränderungen...

We develop a model of hierarchies based on the allocation of authority. A firm's owners have ultimate authority over a firm's decisions, but they have limited time or capacity to exercise this authority. Hence owners must delegate authority to subordinates. However, these subordinates also have...

Bayesian hierarchical models that characterize the distributions of (transformed) gene profiles have been proven very useful and flexible in selecting differentially expressed genes across different types of tissue samples (e.g. Lo and Gottardo, 2007). However, the marginal mean and variance of...