We are on an unsustainable path of consumption and production, including resources turned into waste in a high pace. As one answer to this challenge the European Commission has launched the concept of circular economy as described in “Closing the loop – An EU action plan for the Circular...

In the last two decades, there has been a progressive extension of delegation to European regulatory agencies, which has led to important claims about the agencification of EU executive governance. Yet, there is still little knowledge about how and under what conditions, in practice, agencies...

This paper proposes a new "power theory" of personal income distribution. Contrary to the standard assumption that income is proportional to productivity, I hypothesize that income is most strongly determined by social power, as indicated by one's position within an institutional hierarchy....

According to the theory of capital as power, capitalism, like any other mode of power, is born through sabotage and lives in chains - and yet everywhere we look we see it grow and expand. What explains this apparent puzzle of "growth in the midst of sabotage"? The answer, we argue, begins with...

The outcome of many social and economic interactions, such as stock-market transactions, is strongly determined by the predictions that agents make about the behavior of other individuals. Cognitive hierarchy theory provides a framework to model the consequences of forecasting accuracy that has...

Managers are supervising more and more workers, and firms are getting flatter. However, not all firms have been keen on increasing the number of subordinates that their bosses manage (referred to as the “span of control” in human resource management), contending that there are limits to...

This paper examines the phenomenon of occupational hierarchies among immigrant labor groups in the United States. Using census data for 1940-2011 we document the persistent ranking of immigrant labor groups in major metropolitan areas reflected by their position in the empirical distribution of...

The gender wage gap is largely due to men and women holding different kinds of jobs. This job segregation is partly driven by gender differences in careers in corporate hierarchies. Research has shown that the careers of men and women begin to diverge immediately upon entry into the labor market...