This paper introduces a novel composite energy poverty indicator, the M2LIHC, which combines elements of the twice … dynamics. The M2LIHC indicator addresses key limitations of existing metrics, avoiding the LIHC measure's counterintuitive … response to income changes in the lowest decile and mitigating the 2M indicator's potential overestimation of energy poverty …

This paper presents a weekly GDP indicator for Switzerland, which addresses the limitations of existing economic … activity indicators using alternative high-frequency data created in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The indicator is … and sudden fluctuations during the COVID-19 pandemic. An empirical application illustrates that the indicator accurately …

production index of the water transport industry as the reference variable and compute the coincident indicator based on the … business cycles during the sample period from 2007M1 to 2021M5. The leading indicator provides early signals of turning points …