We investigate the causal effect of government spending on real output conditional on economic freedom. Using data for 161 countries from 2000 to 2019 results show, first, that the size of the fiscal multiplier is inversely related to the level of freedom and, second, countries with the mean...

Alcohol consumption among women in India is a complicated phenomenon driven by several determining variables and demonstrating clear regional patterns throughout the country. The study examines district-level disparities in women's alcohol prevalence (WAP) in India using recent NFHS-5 data from...

As the world's largest energy consumer, China seeks ways to optimize its energy structure. Using a sample of 30 Chinese provinces, this study develops an indicator system to measure provincial-level energy-structure optimization from 2004 to 2021. We also explore the spatial spillovers of green...

Regions and industries are not isolated islands; so, when evaluating productivity growth, regional and sectoral growth paths should not be expected to generate independently. Moreover, accounting for spatial interactions via econometric models has become normal practice; but modelling...

In this study, we use daily gold log-returns to analyse the quality of forecasting expected shortfalls (ES) using volatility and models based on the extreme value theory (EVT). ES forecasts were calculated for conditional APARCH models formed on the entire distribution of returns, as well as for...