In contrast to research showing that private litigation discourages audit clients from disclosing internal control weaknesses, we find that auditors' litigation concerns have a countervailing effect. Our empirical results show that adverse internal control opinions reduces the likelihood of...

The continuous risk assessment depends on the integration of the lines of defense (LOD), the main LOD are three lines (management control, risk and control monitoring, ensuring independence of the internal audit) which lead to the integration of enterprise risk management ERM. The cooperation...

The Internal Auditing & Risk Management is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal started in 2006 by Athenaeum University and The Center of Excellence in Financial Management and Internal Audit and publishes original high-quality papers in the field of management and auditing

This study examines the relationship between firms' internal control problems and the bid-ask spread using a sample of firms that disclose the effectiveness of internal controls in financial reports under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX). The bid-ask spread has been used as a proxy...

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face more risks for sustainable growth due to a lack of resources than large firms in emerging economies. Hence, it is more likely for SMEs to look to risk management for survival in turbulent markets. As a tool of risk management, whether internal control...

The purpose of this paper is to examine the contribution made by the internal control systems and working capital management on financial performance of supermarkets. This study is cross-sectional and correlational, and it uses firm-level data that were collected by means of a questionnaire...