How do organizations respond to the loss of legitimacy in the context of disclosed corruption, and what drives the particular responses adopted? In this article, we study the organizational strategies of three multinational companies before, during, and after legitimacy loss due to disclosed...

Drawing on international business and CSR literature, we examine how CSR activities influence the level of internationalization of emerging market firms. This study covers listed industrial Chinese firms from 2009 to 2014. Data sources include archival data from the GTA-China Stock Market and...

This paper examines political lobbying and investigates firms' decisions regarding whether to employ internal functionalities (i.e., to “make” or insource), to contract with external professionals (i.e., to “buy” or outsource), or to do both (i.e., to “make and buy” or plural...

How is legitimacy to be secured for constitution-like legal orders operating beyond the state? Some scholars recommend connecting aspects of global law to human rights adjudication and enforcement by adopting their preferred method for resolving conflicts, namely, proportionality analysis....

This article makes three key contributions to debates surrounding the effectiveness of democratic innovation, deliberation and participation in representative political systems. In the first instance, it argues that more attention should be paid to the role that participation actually plays in...

The EU's enlargement across Central and Eastern Europe reflects the dual legitimacy structure based on European citizenship and national democracy embedded in the EU treaties. Its primary focus on the Copenhagen political criteria (rather than the economic or acquis criteria) - and in...

Social license to operate is an increasingly used but seldom defined concept. In this article, we draw from academic, popular, and industry literature to identify and synthesize three models of social license to operate. Building on our review, we investigate the linkages between social license...