Ledoit, Olivier; Wolf, Michael - 2019
) estimator in finite samples and recent progress under large-dimensional asymptotics. Our formula is quadratic: it has two … gravitation. We prove that no cubic or higher- order nonlinearities beat quadratic with respect to Frobenius loss under large-dimensional … asymptotics. Non-normality and the case where the matrix dimension exceeds the sample size are accommodated. Monte Carlo …