A least squares estimation approach for the estimation of a GARCH (1,1) modelis developed. The asymptotic properties of the estimator are studied given mild regularity conditions, which require only that the error term has a conditionalmomen t of some order. We establish the consistency,...

In least squares, least absolute deviations, and even generalized M-estimation, outlying observations sometimes strongly influence the estimation result, masking an important and interesting relationship existing in the majority of observations. The S-estimators are a class of estimators that...