Joint liability loans are used in various settings, including business partnerships, agricultural cooperatives, and … promises, recent evidence suggests that joint liability has not consistently reduced loan defaults or operational costs. As a … result, microfinance institutions (MFIs) worldwide are increasingly shifting toward individual liability contracts. A key …

whether they are ELD occurrences. That is, national ELD legislation, not national liability legislation, applies to all land …

damage. National liability legislation instead of national ELD legislation was enforced for these three occurrences. Between …

national liability legislation, the broad definition of an 'operator', and the extension of strict liability beyond annex III … operators, competent authorities in Hungary tend to enforce national ELD legislation rather than national liability legislation …

occurrences subject to the ELD; they do not tend to enforce non-ELD national liability legislation for them. This is particularly …