The purpose of this paper is to present a rank based approach to cross-sectionallinear factor modelling. The emphasis is on approximating factor exposures in aconsistent manner in order to facilitate the merging of subjective information(from professional investors) with objective information...

Female CEOs underperform their male counterparts in terms of shareholders’ returns by roughly 0.35% per month. This difference is significant, comparable to the in-sample value premium, somewhat smaller than the equity and momentum premia, and larger than the size premium.

This paper presents a small-noise version of the Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) which allows us to interpret the approximate linearity of the risk premia in terms of factor exposures for a fixed number of assets. The approximation becomes more accurate as the noise of the system decreases, even...

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By replacing the unknown random factors of factor analysis with observed macroeconomic variables, the arbitrage pricing theory (APT) is recast as a multivariate nonlinear regression model with across-equation restrictions. An explicit theoretical justification for the inclusion of an arbitrary,...