The addition of lower level integrality constraints to a bilevel linear program is known to result in significantly weaker analytical properties. Most notably, the upper level goal function in the optimistic setting lacks lower semicontinuity and the existence of an optimal solution cannot be...

Background: Natural disasters can trigger hazardous material (Hazmat) releases and damage valuable assets, increasing human, environmental, and economic losses. Effective predisaster relocation planning is therefore critical but operationally challenging. Methods: This study develops a...

This study investigates the capacity of a developed production planning model to coordinate energy management within a hybrid energy system. The specific focus is on energy-intensive manufacturing firms utilizing renewable energy generation and energy storage. Unlike prior research in the field...