This paper examines credit market policies under pecuniary externalities induced by collateral constraints. Pigouvian taxes/subsidies on debt or savings are derived as Ramsey-optimal policies. Firstly, prudential (ex-ante) debt taxes can restore constrained efficiency. Secondly, when policies...

This research provides new evidence on financing constraints on corporate fixed investment by emphasizing the role of cash holdings as a precautionary source of funds. Applying GMM estimates to a sample of 106 Jordanian firms, the results suggest that firms follow trade-off theory in financing...