An increasing number of local shops offer local same-day delivery to compete with the online giants. However, the distribution of parcels from individual shops to customers reduces the rare consolidation opportunities in the last mile even further. Thus, shops start collaborating on urban...

This study proposes a mathematical modeling approach for the physical capital diffusion through the borders of countries. Physical capital is considered a crucial variable for the economic growth of a nation. Here, we use an extension of the economic Solow model to describe how smuggling affects...

Expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is a popular and powerful mathematical method for parameter estimation in case that there exist both observed data and hidden data. The EM process depends on an implicit relationship between observed data and hidden data which is specified by a mapping...

As a response to a changing labour market scenario and to the concerns for increasing costs and bad incentives of traditional income support policies, the last decades have witnessed, in many countries, reforms introducing more sophisticated designs of means-testing, eligibility and tagging. In...

This work presents a potent multiobjective multiverse algorithm to solve the highly complicated dynamic economic emission dispatch problem. Solving the dynamic economic dispatch problem with power balance equality constraint, valve point constraints, and ramp limit constraints not only minimizes...

Distributed wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generation are boosting in China. The wide integration of these generators into the distribution network leads to the risk of branch overload and bus voltage violation. To cope with the above risk, some peak output of wind turbines and PV equipment...

We deal with a retailer's multi-product inventory system where customers randomly seek acceptable substitutes if their initial requests are not satisfied. If the substitute is also unavailable, the sales request is lost. Besides the already complex multi-product inventory management problem...