This research delves into the complexities of assessing polycentric development, focusing on Tehran's city-region. Using a systematic analytical approach, we examine geographical boundaries, center thresholds, and measurement indicators over time. Our findings highlight the crucial role of...

Objective: Even in highly regulated and advanced health care markets, treatment costs and outcome quality substantially vary across facilities. Interhospital variation - particularly when it is not attributable to different patient compositions - might indicate inefficiencies in the health care...

Objective: Even in highly regulated and advanced health care markets, treatment costs and outcome quality substantially vary across facilities. Interhospital variation - particularly when it is not attributable to different patient compositions - might indicate inefficiencies in the health care...

Urban form contributes to crime prevention. However, most studies not only simplify the relationship between urban form and crime, they also fail to reflect the geographic structure of urban areas. This study first measured a comprehensive multidimensional urban form indicator for 1486 counties...

Purpose Financial inclusion aims to provide affordable financial services, including banking, loans, equity, and insurance products, to underserved populations. This study aims to examine the moderating effect of a bank's capital adequacy ratio (CAR) on the nexus between financial inclusion (FI)...

The subject of this work is random coefficient regression models with only one observation per observational unit (individual). An analytical solution in form of optimality conditions is proposed for optimal designs for the prediction of individual random effect for a group of selected...